| 청구기호 |
QK871 |
| 형태사항 |
1 online resource : illustrations (some color)
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| 언어 |
English |
| 일반주기 |
Includes index.
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| 서지주기 |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
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| 내용 |
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I -- Development of Secondary Xylem -- Chapter 1 -- The Vascular Cambium of Trees and its Involvement in Defining Xylem Anatomy -- Introduction and outline -- Seasonal variation of cambial activity -- Mechanical injury of the cambium and its restoration -- Microscopic xylem features defined by the cambium -- Macroscopically Visible Storied Structures -- Microscopically Visible Storied Structures -- Width and Size of Rays -- Special Cell Types -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Xylogenesis in Trees: From Cambial Cell Division to Cell Death -- Introduction -- Changes from cambial dormancy to activity -- Formation of cell wall -- Formation of modified structure -- Cell death -- Future prospectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Xylogenesis and Moisture Stress -- Introduction (plants and water) -- The xylogenetic process -- Timings of xylogenesis and water deficit -- Xylem growth and moisture stress -- Quantification of moisture availability -- Further research -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Abiotic Stresses on Secondary Xylem Formation -- Introduction -- Effects of nutrient deficiency on wood formation -- Influence of drought stress -- Salinity-induced changes of wood formation -- High and low temperature -- Effects of rising ozone levels on diameter growth of trees -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Flexure Wood: Mechanical Stress Induced Secondary Xylem Formation -- Introduction -- Reaction wood -- Wulstholz or "beadwood" -- Flexure wood -- Radial Growth -- Structure -- Chemical Composition -- Biomechanics -- Early genetic evaluation for wood quality and wind firmness -- Forest products containing flexure wood -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 -- Reaction Wood -- Introduction.
Compression wood -- Formation -- Structure -- Genetics -- Mechanism of Stress Generation -- Wood Properties -- Tension wood -- Formation -- Structure -- Genetics -- Mechanism -- Properties -- References -- Part II -- Function and Pathogen Resistance of Secondary Xylem -- Chapter 7 -- Bordered Pit Structure and Cavitation Resistance in Woody Plants -- Introduction -- Structure of bordered pit membranes -- Bordered Pit Membranes in Conifers -- Torus (pl. tori) and Margo -- Classification -- Water Flow Through a Pit Pair -- Torus Extension -- Pit Membranes Mediated with Ray Tracheids and in Latewood -- Bordered Pit Membranes in Angiosperms -- Layered Structure -- Torus and Pseudotorus -- Porosity of Intervascular Pit Membranes -- Matrix Substances in Pit Membranes -- Perforated Pit Membranes -- Cavitation resistance -- Air Seeding -- Pit Structure and Cavitation Resistance in Conifers -- Pit Structure and Cavitation Resistance in Angiosperms -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 -- Fungal Degradation of Wood Cell Walls -- General background -- Wood Structure and Importance of Wood Chemistry on Decay -- Fungal Colonization of Wood -- Blue stain (sapstain) and mold fungi on wood -- True wood-degrading fungi -- Wood Cell Wall Degradation by White Rot Fungi -- Morphological Aspects of Wood Cell Decay -- Wood Cell Wall Degradation by Brown Rot Fungi -- Morphological Aspects of Cell Wall Decay by Brown Rot Fungi -- Wood Cell Wall Degradation by Soft Rot Fungi -- Morphological Aspects of Cell Wall Decay by Soft Rot Fungi -- Fungal enzymatic systems involved in wood decay -- White Rot Fungi: Enzymes Involved and Some Biochemical Aspects of Decay -- Brown Rot Fungi: Enzymes Involved and Some Biochemical Aspects of Decay -- Soft Rot Fungi: Enzymes Involved and Some Biochemical Aspects of Decay -- Acknowledgment -- References.
Chapter 9 -- Bacterial Degradation of Wood -- Introduction -- Wood-degrading bacteria and degradation patterns -- Slime -- Colonization -- Cell wall degradation -- Tunneling bacteria and tunneling type degradation -- TB Movement and Tunneling of Cell Wall -- Enzymes, Vesicles, Radicals -- Occurrence in Nature and Wood Substrates -- Tunneling is a Unique Adaptation -- Environmental and Ecological Significance -- Erosion bacteria and erosion type degradation -- Comparison of EB and TB -- Cell Wall Degradation and Erosion Channel Formation -- Enzymes, Vesicles, Radicals -- Occurrence in Nature and Wood Substrates -- Environmental and Ecological Significance -- Chemical Characterization -- Conclusions -- Potential biotechnological applications of wood-degrading bacteria -- Cellulolytic bacteria -- Pit membrane degrading bacteria -- Rumen bacteria -- References -- Part III -- Economic Application of Secondary Xylem -- Chapter 10 -- Genetic Engineering for Secondary Xylem Modification: Unraveling the Genetic Regulation of Wood Formation -- Introduction -- Secondary growth and wood formation -- Reaction wood -- Seasonal regulation of cambial growth -- Genetic control of secondary xylem (i.e., wood) formation -- Secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation -- Genetic regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis -- Genetic modification of wood property -- References -- Chapter 11 -- Secondary Xylem for Bioconversion -- Introduction -- Bioconversion of woody biomass by chemical procedures -- Acid Hydrolysis -- Alkali Hydrolysis -- Ionic Liquid -- Hydrothermal Treatment -- Supercritical and Subcritical Water Treatment -- Steam Explosion -- Bioconversion of woody biomass -- Introduction -- Cellulosic Conversion -- Hemicellulosic Conversion -- Degradation of Xylan -- Degradation of Substituted Residue on Backbone -- Concluding remarks -- References.
Chapter 12 -- Wood as Cultural Heritage Material and its Deterioration by Biotic and Abiotic Agents -- Wooden cultural heritages and their property diagnosis -- Wooden Cultural Heritages -- Property Diagnosis of WCH -- Application of Wood Science in WCH Studies -- Physical and chemical characteristics of WCH -- Physical Characteristics of WCH -- Chemical Characteristics of WCH -- Abiotic agents in the deterioration of moveable and immoveable WCH -- Discoloration -- Cracks -- Erosion of Wood Mass -- Biotic agents in the deterioration of moveable and immoveable WCH -- Deterioration of Moveable and Immoveable WCH by Insects -- Deterioration of Moveable and Immoveable WCH by Microorganisms -- Deterioration of Underwater WCH by Biotic Agents -- Some remarks on the conservation of WCH -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 -- Biomaterial Wood: Wood-Based and Bioinspired Materials -- Introduction -- Wood cell wall assembly characterization -- Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques -- Raman Spectroscopy of Wood Cell Walls -- Raman Imaging Data Analysis -- Univariate Versus Multivariate Methods -- Recent advances in wood cell and cell wall modification -- Chemical Modification Toward Wood Materials with Extended Lifetime -- Modification Toward Functional Wood-Based Materials -- Wood functionalization toward actuation -- Magnetic Hybrid-Wood Materials -- Bioinspired Hydro-Actuated Wood -- Conclusions and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 -- Biological, Anatomical, and Chemical Characteristics of Bamboo -- Biological characteristics of bamboo -- Vegetative Growth -- Reproductive Growth -- Molecular Biology -- Molecular Marker -- Functional Genes -- Omics -- Anatomical characteristics of bamboo culm -- Macrostructure -- Microstructure -- Ultrastructure -- Chemical characteristics of bamboo -- Chemical Composition.
Surface Chemical Characteristics of Bamboo -- Utilization of Bamboo Extractives -- Flavonoids -- Phenolic Acids -- Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Bamboo Extracts -- Antioxidant Activity -- Anticancer Activity -- Safety -- The key scientific research in the future -- References -- Part IV -- Advanced Techniques for Studying Secondary Xylem -- Chapter 15 -- Microscope Techniques for Understanding Wood Cell Structure and Biodegradation -- General background: microscope analysis of wood structure and biodegradation -- Sample preparation for microscopy -- Importance of Sample Selection and Preparation -- General Aspects -- Optical Microscopy: General Background and Applications -- Optical (Light) Microscopy and Preparation Techniques -- Examples Providing Information on Wood Structure and Wood Degradation -- Scanning electron microscopy of wood -- Preparation Approaches for SEM and Ancillary Techniques -- Conventional SEM and Field-Emission SEM -- E-SEM, FE-E-SEM, FE-SEM, and Cryo-FE-SEM -- Cryo-SEM and Cryo-FE-SEM -- Transmission electron microscopy (conventional TEM) -- TEM Sample Preparation (Chemical Fixation, Dehydration, Resin Embedding, etc.) -- TEM-Immunocytochemical/Immunogold Techniques for Labeling Extracellular Proteins and Wood Components -- TEM-Viewing of Cellulose Microfibrils and Macrofibrils -- Some Recent Developments in TEM Analysis of Wood Cell Structure: TEM-Tomography -- Rapid freezing approaches -- Development of Rapid Freezing Techniques for Wood Samples -- Application of analytical techniques (SEM-EDX, TEM-EDX) for understanding wood structure and wood degradation -- Additional techniques for studying wood cell wall structure and biodegradation -- Confocal Microscopy -- Spectroscopy: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Ma ... -- References.
Chapter 16 -- Rapid Freezing and Immunocytochemistry Provide New Information on Cell Wall Formation in Woody Plants.
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| 주제 |
Xylem.
SCIENCE --Life Sciences --Evolution. --bisacsh
Xylem. --fast --(OCoLC)fst01182117
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| 보유판 및 특별호 저록 |
Print version: Secondary xylem biology : origins, functions, and applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands : Academic Press, ?2016 xx, 397 pages 9780128021859
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| ISBN |
0128025298, 9780128025291, 9780128021859
, 0128021853
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| QR CODE |
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